Hussain Muhammad Ershad

Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1930–2019) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who played a prominent role in the country's political landscape. He served as the Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army and later became the President of Bangladesh, holding office from 1983 to 1990. Ershad was a key figure in shaping the political trajectory of Bangladesh during the 1980s.

Early Life and Military Career:

Hussain Muhammad Ershad was born on February 1, 1930, in the Cooch Behar district of British India (present-day Bangladesh). He joined the Pakistan Military Academy and was commissioned into the Pakistan Army in 1952. Ershad rose through the ranks, eventually becoming the Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army in 1978.

Presidency:

In 1982, Ershad seized power in a bloodless coup, overthrowing the elected government of President A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury. He assumed the presidency in 1983 and continued in office until his resignation in 1990. A mix of economic reforms and political repression marked Ershad's presidency. He initiated the introduction of a market-oriented economy, but his regime faced criticism for human rights abuses and curtailment of political freedoms.

Political Reforms:

Ershad sought to consolidate power through political reforms, establishing the Jatiya Party (National Party) in 1986 as a vehicle for his political ambitions. He implemented policies to modernise the country's infrastructure, education, and economy during his presidency.

Democracy Movement and Resignation:

Facing widespread protests and opposition, particularly from the youth and political activists, Ershad's regime came under increasing pressure in the late 1980s. The pro-democracy movement gained momentum, culminating in mass protests and strikes. In the face of mounting pressure, Ershad resigned from the presidency on December 6, 1990, ushering in a new era of multiparty democracy in Bangladesh.

Post-Presidential Life:

After his resignation, Ershad faced legal challenges and spent time in and out of custody. Despite his controversial legacy, he remained involved in Bangladeshi politics. Ershad served as the President of the Jatiya Party and was elected as a Member of Parliament multiple times.

Death:

Hussain Muhammad Ershad passed away on July 14, 2019, at 89. His death marked the end of an era in Bangladeshi politics, leaving a complex legacy that continues to be a subject of debate and discussion.