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Un organismo geneticamente modificato (OGM) è un organismo il cui materiale genetico è stato modificato utilizzando tecniche di ingegneria genetica. GMOs are used in the production of many drugs and foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods. The term GMO is very close to the technical term, 'living modified organism', defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates international trade in living GMOs. A more specifically defined type of GMO is a "transgenic organism". This is an organism whose genetic material has been modified by adding genetic material from an unrelated organism. The first genetically modified mouse was created in 1974, and the first plant was produced in 1983.