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Sweden

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Sweden

Flag of Sweden

Official languages
Capital

Stockholm
Area
Government
449,964 km2
constitutional monarchy
Population
Religion
(9,555,893) Nordic ancestry +99%
Lutheran and other protestant 51.2%, Other 1.8%, None 47%
Time zone
Currency
CET (UTC+1)
Swedish krona
Demonym Swedish
Monarch Current
Previous


Location of Sweden in Europe

Sweden is a large country in northern Europe. It is a member state of the European Union and one of the 5 countries of Scandinavia. Sweden shares borders with Norway and Finland. The country is also linked to Denmark by a road bridge and one of the Scandinavian countries. The capital city of Sweden is Stockholm. Other big cities are Malmö and Gothenburg.Sweden has been part of the European Union since 1995 but uses the Swedish krona as its currency.

History[edit | edit source]

The Vikings, who conquered the British Isles, many parts of western Europe and even visited North America, were from the area which today includes Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

In the Middle Ages, the Black Death hit Sweden very hard and large numbers of people were killed in the 14th Century.

During the 17th Century Sweden ruled over the Swedish Empire which included present-day Finland, Estonia, Latvia and parts of Norway, Poland and Germany.They bilded the second Universyty of Sweden in Tartu in Estonia. After 1709 the empire shrank because of a failed attempt to invade Russia. In the 19th and early 20th century large numbers of Swedish people emigrated to the USA and Canada.

The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union with Sweden, a union which lasted until 1905. Sweden remained officially neutral during World War I and World War II.

Geography[edit | edit source]

Uppsala Cathedral

Sweden covers 449.964 km² of land. Sweden is the third largest country by area in Northern Europe and fourth in all of Europe. Sweden is surrounded by Norway, Finland, the Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund straits, and the Baltic Sea. The highest mountain in Sweden is Kebnekaise at 2,111 metres.

Sweden has a temperate climate despite its northern latitude with distinct seasons and mild temperatures both in winter and summer. Sweden is much warmer than other places in the same latitude, mainly because of the Gulf Stream. In southern and central Sweden, summers are pleasantly warm (sometimes hot or cooler for a couple of days) with comfortable cool evenings; while the north experiences cooler temperatures. In the summer the sun hardly sets in Sweden, especially in the far north where it does not set at all. This allows activity until late in the evening, or even through the night. During winter, temperatures are close to freezing in the south, slightly below freezing in the central regions, and very cold, snowy and below freezing for around 6 months in the north.

Yearly average precipitation (rainfall) in most of the country is between 500 and 800 millimeters per year. In some parts though the average is between 1000 and 1700 millimeters. Thunderstorms account for most of the precipitation in the summer. Snowfall usually occurs between November and April, but in northern regions, snow could fall from September to May and stay on the ground for almost 6 months.

People[edit | edit source]

Kalmar Castle
Sweden Ice Hotel.

Just under 10 million people live in Sweden. The dominant language is Swedish, though it is not an official language. Other languages spoken include Finnish, Meänkieli, Sami, Romani, and Jiddisch. Sweden's population is mostly made up of Scandinavians and Germans. Today most Swedish people are Atheist but traditionally most of the Swedish population have Christian Lutheranism as their religion. Around 5% of the population are Muslim, mostly because of recent emigration from south-eastern Europe and the Middle East.

All young children from 1-5 years old are guaranteed a place in a public day-care facility. Between ages 6-16, children attend required comprehensive school, divided in three stages. After completing the ninth grade, 90% of students continue with a three-year upper secondary school.

Sweden is the third largest exporter of music in the world after the United Kingdom and the USA. ABBA, The Hives, Ace of Base, The Cardigans, Caesars and Roxette are notable groups from Sweden which are popular all around the world.

Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden as its current head of state.

Sights[edit | edit source]

Sweden is mostly visited by tourists from its neighboring countries Denmark,Norway and Finland. Tourists also come from Germany and the United Kingdom. Sweden has a large number of lakes and forests, and it is very good for fishing and canoeing. There are several large lakes. Walking is quite a popular activity in the summer. There are no very high mountains in Sweden, so climbing is somewhat limited.

Sweden is the 21st most visited country in the world with over 7 million foreign visitors every year. Stockholm is popular with tourists of all types and people often go further north to experience the wild and under-populated parts of Sweden. There are 14 World Heritage Sites in Sweden including Laponian area (Swedish Lapland) and the ancient town of Visby on the island of Gotland.

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States and dependencies of Europe

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States with limited recognition: Abkhazia · Artsakh · Kosovo · Northern Cyprus · South Ossetia · Transnistria
Dependencies: Åland Islands · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Svalbard